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Slide CRIMINOLOGY UNDERSTANDING CRIME Crime can be defined legally as actions or omissions that violate the law
and are punishable by the state. Sociologically, it's viewed as a social
construct influenced by social and structural factors. Criminology, the
study of crime, utilizes various disciplines like sociology, psychology,
biology, and economics to explore the complexities of crime. Understanding
the causes of crime is crucial for developing effective prevention and
intervention strategies. This includes addressing social inequalities,
improving mental health services, and implementing targeted policing
strategies. as a concept crime is unstable it can change any given time

Slide CRIMINOLOGY & PSYCHOLOGY power of possibility The Power of Possibility is about embracing the potential for
growth and transformation that exists within each of us. It's
about recognizing that we are capable of creating the lives
we want and then giving ourselves the permission to do so

Slide Perpetrator A perpetrator is a person who commits a crime or does something that is wrong or harmful. In essence, a perpetrator is the individual who carries out or is responsible for a harmful act, whether it's a crime, a violent act, or another type of wrongdoing. This could include the person who commits a theft, the individual who perpetrates violence, or the person who carries out a deceptive act. Perpetrators are the individuals held accountable for the actions they undertake. The term extends beyond criminal acts to encompass any action that causes harm, violence, or damage. A good synonym for "perpetrator" is offender. Other options include culprit, wrongdoer, or criminal. In some contexts, assassin, malefactor, or lawbreaker might also be appropriate.




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Slide PSYCHOLOGY criminal psychology trending_flat The study of the psychological factors
that influence criminal behaviour Slide Criminal psychology, also known as criminological psychology, is the study of the
psychological factors that influence criminal behavior. It examines the thoughts,
intentions, actions, and reactions of individuals involved in criminal activity, including
both offenders and suspects. This field draws from criminology and applied psychology
to understand why crimes occur and to develop strategies for crime prevention, offender
rehabilitation, and improved law enforcement techniques. Criminal psychologists seek
to understand the motivations, thought processes, and psychological profiles of individuals
who engage in criminal acts. This involves creating psychological profiles of suspects
based on crime scene evidence and other behavioral patterns to assist in investigations
and identify potential suspects. A large part of what a criminal psychologist does is studying
why people commit crimes. They may also assess criminals to evaluate the risk of recidivism
(how likely the person is to re-offend in the future) or make educated guesses about the actions
that a criminal may have taken after committing a crime. Criminal profiling, also known as
offender profiling, is one of the most recognized responsibilities of criminal psychologists.
Although the practice had been used informally for many decades, criminal profiling made its
professional debut in the 1940s, when the U.S. Office of Strategic Services asked a psychiatrist
to create a profile for Adolf Hitler.



WHAT IS CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY? trending_flat

Slide trending_flat CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM the judges
and the courts Slide The Judge Judges preside over courts, which are the venues for resolving legal disputes and administering justice. Judges interpret and apply the law, ensuring cases are conducted fairly and impartially, ultimately delivering verdicts or sentences. Judges use their legal knowledge to understand and apply the relevant laws to the specific case at hand.

The courts Magistrates' Courts: Handle the majority of criminal cases, with either a panel of magistrates or a District Judge (Magistrates' Court) presiding. Crown Courts: Deal with more serious criminal cases, presided over by a Circuit Judge or Recorder, often with a jury. High Court: Handles the most complex and serious cases, with High Court Judges presiding. Family Courts: Deal with family law matters. Tribunals: Hear specialized cases, like employment disputes.




Justice The principle that everyone, including the government, is subject to and accountable under the law. Judges are independent from political influence and other external pressures. Judges must be unbiased and fair in their decision-making. Ensuring that everyone has the ability to access the courts and legal processes. The ultimate decision remains with Parliament and not the judiciary. Ultimately, the judiciary does no more, or less, under the 1998 Act than carry out its constitutional function of interpreting and applying the law enacted by Parliament. They only have such power as Parliament gave them in the Human Rights Act 1998.




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Slide trending_flat Criminology is the scientific study of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system.
It explores the causes of crime, the responses to it, and methods for preventing it. It's
an interdisciplinary field that draws on various social and behavioural sciences. It
investigates the factors that contribute to criminal behavior, including individual
characteristics, social conditions, and environmental influences. Criminology analyses
the workings of law enforcement, courts, and corrections, including their effectiveness
and impact on crime rates. It explores strategies and interventions aimed at preventing
crime and managing its consequences. Criminology draws on insights from sociology,
psychology, law, biology, and other fields to provide a comprehensive understanding of crime.





WHAT IS CRIMINOLOGY WHAT IS GREEN CRIMINOLOGY Green criminology is a subfield of criminology that studies harms and crimes against the
environment, animals, and non-human nature, often overlooked by mainstream criminology.
It takes a critical approach, examining issues like wildlife trafficking, animal rights abuses,
and environmental injustices. Green criminology also explores the role of state-corporate
power in environmental degradation and the impacts of extractive industries. Green
criminology expands the scope of criminology beyond human-centered definitions of crime
to include harms to the environment and non-human entities. It challenges traditional
criminological approaches that often prioritize human interests and overlooks environmental
consequences. Green criminology draws on various disciplines, including law, sociology,
politics, and economics, to understand the complexities of environmental crime and harm.




Slide Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. It explores how people think,
feel, and act, examining the biological, social, and environmental factors that influence
these processes. Psychology encompasses a wide range of topics, from basic mental
processes like perception and memory to complex behaviours like social interactions and
mental health. Psychology investigates both internal mental processes (thoughts, feelings,
emotions) and observable actions (behaviour). Psychology is relevant to many areas of life,
including healthcare, education, work, and personal relationships. It draws on knowledge
from various fields, including biology, neuroscience, sociology, and philosophy.




WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY WHAT IS FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY trending_flat Forensic psychology is the application of psychological principles and knowledge to the legal
and criminal justice systems. It involves understanding the psychological aspects of criminal
behaviour, assessing individuals involved in legal matters, and providing expert testimony in
court. In essence, it bridges the gap between psychology and the law, helping to explain and
address criminal behaviour within the legal framework. While not the sole focus, forensic
psychology does involve understanding the motivations, intentions, and thought processes
of criminals to aid in investigations. Forensic psychologists conduct assessments to evaluate
individuals' mental state, competency to stand trial, and risk of re-offending.






Slide THE STATE AN ORGANISATION WITH DIFFERENT AGENCIES read more view project trending_flat Slide THE POLICE HAVE THE RIGHT TO ARREST AND MAINTAIN PEACE read more view project trending_flat Slide CORPORATION & BIG PHARMAS INFLUENCE THE STATE Read more view project trending_flat

Slide trending_flat FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY social class, age
& gender Slide age Age can both influence how social class is experienced and how social class shapes the aging process. For example, retirement, often associated with age, can trigger a decline in income and social status, particularly for those who were in lower social classes during their working lives. Conversely, individuals from higher social classes may experience retirement with more financial security and social support. However, with changing socio-historical structures and longer lifespans, the interplay between age and class is becoming more complex. Some argue that generation, rather than class, may be more salient in understanding the lives of older adults, especially in relation to consumption and lifestyle choices. class Social class, defined by factors like income, occupation, and education, significantly impacts health outcomes. Individuals from higher social classes often experience better health, higher health literacy, and greater control over their health behaviours, while those from lower classes may face challenges in accessing quality healthcare and experience poorer health outcomes. This disparity extends into old age, with those from higher social classes tending to have longer life expectancies. Social class can significantly impact educational attainment, with children from working-class backgrounds generally achieving lower educational outcomes than those from middle-class backgrounds. This disparity in education can have long-term consequences, affecting future employment opportunities and social mobility gender Gender is a complex concept encompassing biological traits, psychological and social aspects of being male, female, or other gender identities. It refers to how a person identifies and experiences their own sense of self, which may or may not align with the sex they were assigned at birth. An individual's internal sense of being male, female, both, neither, or somewhere along the spectrum. While "gender" often correlates with "sex," transgender people, for example, may identify with a gender different from their sex assigned at birth. Additionally, some individuals identify as non-binary, genderfluid, or experience no gender at all. Understanding gender requires acknowledging the spectrum of identities and expressions beyond the traditional binary.


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Slide trending_flat Convict Criminology (CC) is a concept that has its roots in the USA in the mid-1990s
and was created by a group of previously incarcerated academics (Ross and Richards, 2003).
Convict criminology (CC) is the study of crime and prisons by ex-convict academics and
associated critical and radical scholars. Work appears in both academic and mass-market
venues, and may include discussions of how imprisonment is experienced depending upon
social class, race, and gender.22 Feb 2018A convicted criminal is someone who has been
found guilty of a crime by a court of law. This finding of guilt usually follows a trial where
evidence is presented and a verdict is reached, or after a guilty plea is accepted by the court.
A conviction means the individual has been formally acknowledged as having committed
a criminal offense.

CONVICT CRIMINOLOGY GREEN CRIMINOLOGY Green criminology is a critical approach in criminology that examines environmental harms
and crimes, extending beyond traditional legal definitions to include social harms. It focuses
on issues like wildlife trafficking, animal rights abuses, and the consequences of extractive
industries, emphasizing ecological justice and sustainability. Green criminology draws from
various disciplines including law, sociology, and political science. It acknowledges that many
actions causing environmental harm may not be explicitly defined as crimes under current
laws, and expands the scope of criminology to include broader concepts of social harm. Green
criminology draws on various fields like sociology, law, political science, and economics to
understand the complex causes and consequences of environmental crimes.



Slide A government's penal code, for example, is a list of crimes and the punishments imposed for
each of them. You might notice how similar penal is to the word penalty — in fact, they both
stem from the same Latin word, poena, and the Greek root poine, both of which mean
"punishment." Penology is a subfield of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice
of various societies in their attempts to repress criminal activities, and satisfy public opinion
via an appropriate treatment regime for persons convicted of criminal offences. A penologist is
a person who studies or specializes in penology, which is the branch of criminology concerned
with the punishment of criminals and the operation of prisons. They explore the theory and
practice of prison management, criminal rehabilitation, and the ethics and effectiveness of
various strategies for punishing crime.


PENOLOGY trending_flat ZEMIOLOGY Zemiology is the study of social harms. It's a field that critically examines harms caused by
actions, systems, and social structures, often going beyond the traditional focus of criminology
on legal definitions of crime. Zemiology explores harms caused by states, corporations, and
other powerful entities, even if those harms aren't necessarily criminalized. Zemiology seeks to
broaden the scope of social analysis by examining a wider range of social harms, including
those caused by economic policies, environmental damage, and systemic inequalities.
centers on understanding the impact of various actions and structures on individuals and
communities, regardless of whether those actions are illegal. Zemiology emerged as a critique
of criminology's limitations, particularly its focus on legally defined crimes. It argues that many
harmful actions and social conditions, while not fitting the legal definition of crime, can have
severe and far-reaching negative consequences.




Slide CRIMINOLOGY & PSYCHOLOGY critical thinking Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information objectively and form reasoned
judgments. It involves questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence, and considering
different perspectives to arrive at well-supported conclusions. It's a process of active and
skillful evaluation, rather than passively accepting information at face value. Critical thinking
is not just about having thoughts; it's about actively engaging with information and reflecting
on your own thinking processes. It involves challenging assumptions and exploring different
viewpoints, rather than accepting things as they are. This involves breaking down information
into smaller parts to understand its components and relationships. This is the process of
assessing the credibility of information, identifying biases, and weighing evidence. Critical
thinkers interpret information, understanding its meaning and implications.






Slide CRIMINOLOGY THE STATE'S HARMS State harms typically occur when state officials exercise power and inflict harm on
vulnerable people who have little recourse to defend themselves or resist the harm
imposed State harms typically occur when state officials exercise power and inflict
harm on vulnerable people who have little recourse to defend themselves or resist
the harm imposed In the UK, "state-based offences" broadly refer to crimes that don't
have a specific individual victim, but rather, are considered offenses against the state
or public order. These can include public order offenses, drug offenses, weapons
possession, and other miscellaneous crimes against the state. Zemiology often critiques
the legal definition of crime, arguing that it is too narrow and does not encompass all
forms of harm. However, this approach can lead to a lack of clear boundaries and definitions,
making it difficult to apply in a practical, legal context.TYPES OF STATE CRIME. Eugene
McLaughlin has categorized state crimes into four groups, namely, political crimes, crimes
committed by security and police forces, economic crimes, and social and cultural crimes.